Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1973 119:198-206. Distribution of intra-abdominal malignant seeding: dependency on dynamics of flow of ascitic fluid. The role of CT in the evaluation of ovarian malignancy. 6 Johns Hopkins ovarian cancer website.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1990 37:265-270. Predictive values of CA 125 antigen levels and CT scan in second-look procedures for ovarian cancer. 5 Aravantinos D, Michalas S, Papazefkos V, et al.Ovarian cancer: screening, treatment, and follow-up. A model for predicting surgical outcome in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma using computed tomography. 3 Bristow RE, Duska LR, Lambrou NC, et al.Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001 1597-1632. Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Ovarian cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, and peritoneal carcinoma. Interactive multiplanar review of the abdomen and pelvis has the potential to improve detection of peritoneal metastases at CT. Structures such as the diaphragm, paracolic gutters, bowel, and cul-de-sac can be evaluated in multiple planes for surface nodularity and small implants. Multiplanar reformatting can be used to confirm the presence of implants. With multidetector CT, thin-section images of the abdomen and pelvis can be obtained to assess for subcentimeter implants and to create three-dimensional images with reduced artifact. Recent advances in CT technology have increased the flexibility of image acquisition, thereby allowing the use of thin sections and multiplanar reformatting. Computed tomography (CT) can be used to detect these metastatic lesions, which can be miliary or large and appear as soft-tissue or low-attenuation masses. Tumor implants of varying size can occur anywhere from the diaphragm through the pelvis. Ovarian cancer is usually in an advanced stage at diagnosis due to the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, which develops as a result of peritoneal fluid circulation.
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